Evidence for the presence of African swine fever virus in apparently healthy pigs in South-Kivu Province of the Democratic Republic of Congo

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cg.authorship.typesCGIAR and developing country institute
cg.authorship.typesCGIAR and advanced research institute
cg.contributor.affiliationPan African University
cg.contributor.affiliationInternational Livestock Research Institute
cg.contributor.affiliationUniversity of Nairobi
cg.contributor.affiliationJomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology
cg.contributor.affiliationMakerere University
cg.contributor.affiliationWashington State University
cg.contributor.affiliationUniversité Evangélique en Afrique
cg.contributor.crpLivestock
cg.contributor.donorAfrica Biosciences Challenge Fund
cg.contributor.donorDepartment of Foreign Affairs and Trade, Australia
cg.contributor.donorSyngenta Foundation for Sustainable Agriculture
cg.contributor.donorBill & Melinda Gates Foundation
cg.contributor.donorDepartment for International Development, United Kingdom
cg.contributor.donorSwedish International Development Cooperation Agency
cg.contributor.donorWellcome Trust
cg.coverage.countryCongo, Democratic Republic of
cg.coverage.iso3166-alpha2CD
cg.coverage.regionAfrica
cg.coverage.regionMiddle Africa
cg.creator.identifierLucilla Steinaa: 000-0003-3691-3971
cg.creator.identifierEunice M. Machuka: 0000-0002-1142-3442
cg.creator.identifierRoger Pelle: 0000-0003-1053-085X
cg.creator.identifierRichard Bishop: 0000-0002-3720-9970
cg.creator.identifierJoshua Oluoch Amimo: 0000-0002-4190-8483
cg.creator.identifierLucilla Steinaa: 0000-0003-3691-3971
cg.creator.identifierAppolinaire Djikeng: 0000-0001-9271-3419
cg.howPublishedFormally Published
cg.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetmic.2019.108521
cg.isijournalISI Journal
cg.issn0378-1135
cg.journalVeterinary Microbiology
cg.number108521
cg.reviewStatusPeer Review
cg.subject.ilriANIMAL DISEASES
cg.subject.ilriASF
cg.subject.ilriDISEASE CONTROL
cg.subject.ilriLIVELIHOODS
cg.subject.ilriPIGS
cg.volume240
dc.contributor.authorBisimwa, P.N.
dc.contributor.authorMachuka, Eunice M.
dc.contributor.authorGithae, Dedan
dc.contributor.authorBanswe, G.
dc.contributor.authorAmimo, Joshua O.
dc.contributor.authorOngus, J.R.
dc.contributor.authorMasembe, C.
dc.contributor.authorBishop, Richard P.
dc.contributor.authorSteinaa, Lucilla
dc.contributor.authorDjikeng, Appolinaire
dc.contributor.authorPelle, Roger
dc.date.accessioned2020-08-04T16:29:14Zen
dc.date.available2020-08-04T16:29:14Zen
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10568/108944
dc.titleEvidence for the presence of African swine fever virus in apparently healthy pigs in South-Kivu Province of the Democratic Republic of Congoen
dcterms.abstractAfrican swine fever (ASF) is the most important disease constraining smallholder pig production in the Democratic Republic of Congo, causing high mortality in domestic pigs with severe impacts on the livelihoods of local populations. This study was conducted with the aim of determining the prevalence of ASF and circulating virus genotypes in asymptomatic pigs raised on smallholder farms in the South Kivu province to understand the transmission dynamics of ASF and ultimately improving disease control. A cross-sectional survey was carried out in 5 districts where 267 pig blood were screened for both antibody and viral genome using indirect Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) respectively. Additionally, amplicons from PCR positive samples were sequenced by Sanger method for genetic analysis of ASF virus (ASFV) based on the C-terminal region of the B646L gene that encodes the major capsid protein p72 and the gene E183L encoding the p54 protein. The overall seroprevalence obtained based on antibody to p30 protein was 37 % and was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in adult (>1 year) animals (44.7 %) than in younger (<1 year) ones (33.5 %). Moreover, the seropositivity varied significantly (P < 0.05) according to the pig husbandry system practiced within the districts investigated with Uvira (55 %) and Mwenga (42.2 %) having the highest ASFV antibodies, while the lowest (10.5 %) were in Kalehe. Free-range pigs exhibited a higher level of seropositivity to ASFV antibody (68.9 %) than pigs kept in the pigsty housing system (21.6 %). However, no statistically significant differences (P > 0.05) were observed when sex of the animal and breed were factored. PCR detection of ASFV amplified a specific band of expected size (257 bp) in 61 out of 267 blood samples, confirming the presence of the viral DNA in 22.8 % of asymptomatic domestic pigs. Statistical analysis revealed that ASFV infection in domestic pigs varied significantly (p < 0.001) according to geographical location and breed, with the highest infection rate found in Walungu district (33.7 %) while the lowest was registered in Kalehe (15.8 %). Local pigs (27.2 %) were more infected than crosses (9.2 %). Phylogenetic analyses based on partial sequences of the p72 and p54 genes revealed that all the ASFV detected belonged to genotype IX, which has previously been reported in other parts of DR Congo, and was clustered together with isolates from Kenya, Uganda and Republic of Congo. This study avails the first evidence of the presence of ASF virus in domestic pigs in the absence of outbreaks in South Kivu province, eastern DR Congo, indicating a need to raise awareness among pig farmers and veterinary authorities on the application of biosecurity measures and good husbandry practices to control the disease.en
dcterms.accessRightsOpen Access
dcterms.audienceScientists
dcterms.bibliographicCitationBisimwa, P.N., Machuka, E.M., Githae, D., Banswe, G., Amimo, J.O., Ongus, J.R., Masembe, C., Bishop, R.P., Steinaa, L., Djikeng, A. and Pelle, R. 2020. Evidence for the presence of African swine fever virus in apparently healthy pigs in South-Kivu Province of the Democratic Republic of Congo. Veterinary Microbiology 240:108521.en
dcterms.issued2020-01
dcterms.languageen
dcterms.licenseCC-BY-4.0
dcterms.publisherElsevier
dcterms.subjectafrican swine feveren
dcterms.subjectswineen
dcterms.subjectanimal diseasesen
dcterms.subjectdisease controlen
dcterms.subjectmicrobiologyen
dcterms.typeJournal Article

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