Spatio-temporal analysis of markets for groundwater irrigation services in India: 1976-1977 to 1997-1998

Using secondary data generated from three rounds (31st, 48th and 54th) of the National Sample Survey Organization (NSSO) of India, a macro-level estimate of the spread of markets for groundwater supported pump irrigation services in India was derived for two periods of time, 1976- 1977 and 1997-1998. This estimate is the first of its kind that presents a spatiotemporal analysis of the markets for pump rental and irrigation services at an all-India level. The results, computed using simple statistics, show that the area irrigated through pump irrigation services has increased from an estimated 1.0 million ha in 1976-1977 to an estimated 20.0 million ha in 1997-1998. The analyses also calls into question two myths prevalent in literature, that these markets were under-developed in eastern India in the 1970s and 1980s, and that in recent times they are shrinking in southern peninsular India due to groundwater depletion. The policy implication is that there is a need for re- orientation in the way irrigation statistics are collected in India so as to include a category of hired irrigation services and establish a comparable survey design for future use.