Multi-mycotoxin occurrence in dairy cattle and poultry feeds and feed ingredients from Machakos Town, Kenya

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cg.authorship.typesCGIAR and developing country instituteen
cg.authorship.typesCGIAR and advanced research instituteen
cg.contributor.affiliationUniversity of Nairobien
cg.contributor.affiliationChuka Universityen
cg.contributor.affiliationGhent Universityen
cg.contributor.affiliationUniversity of Liègeen
cg.contributor.affiliationBIOMIN Research Centeren
cg.contributor.affiliationInternational Livestock Research Instituteen
cg.contributor.affiliationUppsala Universityen
cg.contributor.affiliationSwedish University of Agricultural Sciencesen
cg.contributor.crpAgriculture for Nutrition and Health
cg.contributor.donorFederal Science Policy Office, Belgiumen
cg.contributor.donorFonds de la Recherche Scientifique, Belgiumen
cg.contributor.donorResearch Council of Norwayen
cg.contributor.donorMinistry of Education, Science and Technology, Kenyaen
cg.contributor.donorNational Research Foundation, South Africaen
cg.contributor.donorBIOMIN Holding GmbHen
cg.contributor.donorHarbro Ltd.en
cg.coverage.countryKenya
cg.coverage.iso3166-alpha2KE
cg.coverage.regionAfrica
cg.coverage.regionEastern Africa
cg.creator.identifierJohanna Lindahl: 0000-0002-1175-0398
cg.howPublishedFormally Publisheden
cg.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.3390/toxins12120762en
cg.isijournalISI Journalen
cg.issn2072-6651en
cg.issue12en
cg.journalToxinsen
cg.reviewStatusPeer Reviewen
cg.subject.ilriAFLATOXINSen
cg.subject.ilriDAIRYINGen
cg.subject.ilriFEEDSen
cg.subject.ilriFOOD SAFETYen
cg.subject.ilriPOULTRYen
cg.volume12en
dc.contributor.authorKemboi, D.C.en
dc.contributor.authorOchieng, P.E.en
dc.contributor.authorAntonissen, G.en
dc.contributor.authorCroubels, S.en
dc.contributor.authorScippo, M.-L.en
dc.contributor.authorOkoth, S.en
dc.contributor.authorKang'ethe, Erastus K.en
dc.contributor.authorFaas, J.en
dc.contributor.authorDoupovec, B.en
dc.contributor.authorLindahl, Johanna F.en
dc.contributor.authorGathumbi, J.K.en
dc.date.accessioned2020-12-09T14:00:53Zen
dc.date.available2020-12-09T14:00:53Zen
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10568/110445
dc.titleMulti-mycotoxin occurrence in dairy cattle and poultry feeds and feed ingredients from Machakos Town, Kenyaen
dcterms.abstractMycotoxins are common in grains in sub-Saharan Africa and negatively impact human and animal health and production. This study assessed occurrences of mycotoxins, some plant, and bacterial metabolites in 16 dairy and 27 poultry feeds, and 24 feed ingredients from Machakos town, Kenya, in February and August 2019. We analyzed the samples using a validated multi-toxin liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method. A total of 153 mycotoxins, plant, and bacterial toxins, were detected in the samples. All the samples were co-contaminated with 21 to 116 different mycotoxins and/or metabolites. The commonly occurring and EU regulated mycotoxins reported were; aflatoxins (AFs) (70%; range 0.2-318.5 μg/kg), deoxynivalenol (82%; range 22.2-1037 μg/kg), ergot alkaloids (70%; range 0.4-285.7 μg/kg), fumonisins (90%; range 32.4-14,346 μg/kg), HT-2 toxin (3%; range 11.9-13.8 μg/kg), ochratoxin A (24%; range 1.1-24.3 μg/kg), T-2 toxin (4%; range 2.7-5.2 μg/kg) and zearalenone (94%; range 0.3-910.4 μg/kg). Other unregulated emerging mycotoxins and metabolites including Alternaria toxins, Aspergillus toxins, bacterial metabolites, cytochalasins, depsipeptides, Fusarium metabolites, metabolites from other fungi, Penicillium toxins, phytoestrogens, plant metabolites, and unspecific metabolites were also detected at varying levels. Except for total AFs, where the average contamination level was above the EU regulatory limit, all the other mycotoxins detected had average contamination levels below the limits. Ninety-six percent of all the samples were contaminated with more than one of the EU regulated mycotoxins. These co-occurrences may cause synergistic and additive health effects thereby hindering the growth of the Kenyan livestock sector.en
dcterms.accessRightsOpen Access
dcterms.audienceScientistsen
dcterms.available2020-12-03
dcterms.bibliographicCitationKemboi, D.C., Ochieng, P.E., Antonissen, G., Croubels, S., Scippo, M.-L., Okoth, S., Kang'ethe, E.K., Faas, J., Doupovec, B., Lindahl, J.F. and Gathumbi, J.K. 2020. Multi-mycotoxin occurrence in dairy cattle and poultry feeds and feed ingredients from Machakos Town, Kenya. Toxins 12(12): 762.en
dcterms.extent762en
dcterms.issued2020-12-03
dcterms.languageen
dcterms.licenseCC-BY-4.0
dcterms.publisherMDPIen
dcterms.replaceshttps://hdl.handle.net/10568/171364en
dcterms.subjectaflatoxinsen
dcterms.subjectcattleen
dcterms.subjectfeedsen
dcterms.subjectdairyingen
dcterms.subjectpoultryen
dcterms.subjectfood safetyen
dcterms.subjectfeed safetyen
dcterms.typeJournal Article

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