How agri-food value chain employment and compensation evolve with structural transformation

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cg.authorship.typesCGIAR single centreen
cg.authorship.typesCGIAR and advanced research instituteen
cg.contributor.affiliationUniversity of Wisconsinen
cg.contributor.affiliationInternational Food Policy Research Instituteen
cg.contributor.affiliationNew York State Legislatureen
cg.contributor.affiliationCornell Universityen
cg.contributor.affiliationUnited States Department of Agricultureen
cg.contributor.donorUnited States Department of Agricultureen
cg.creator.identifierJeffrey Bloem: 0000-0002-4995-3043
cg.howPublishedGrey Literatureen
cg.identifier.projectIFPRI - Foresight and Policy Modeling Unit
cg.identifier.projectIFPRI - Markets, Trade, and Institutions Unit
cg.identifier.publicationRankNot ranked
cg.number2311en
cg.placeWashington, DCen
cg.reviewStatusInternal Reviewen
cg.subject.impactAreaNutrition, health and food security
dc.contributor.authorYi, Jingen
dc.contributor.authorJiang, Shiyunen
dc.contributor.authorTran, Diannaen
dc.contributor.authorGómez, Miguel I.en
dc.contributor.authorCanning, Patricken
dc.contributor.authorBloem, Jeffrey R.en
dc.contributor.authorBarrett, Christopher B.en
dc.date.accessioned2025-01-07T16:35:46Zen
dc.date.available2025-01-07T16:35:46Zen
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10568/168646
dc.titleHow agri-food value chain employment and compensation evolve with structural transformationen
dcterms.abstractThe traditional structural transformation narrative emphasizes inter-sectoral labor reallocation out of agriculture, ignoring whether workers exit agri-food value chains or merely migrate within them, from primary agricultural production to downstream food industries. We introduce a method to decompose multiregional input-output table data into industry-and-country-specific annual labor value added estimates by final consumer market segment – domestic food at home, domestic food away from home, or exports – and match with industry-specific employment data to estimate average worker compensation. Using data covering most of the global economy, 1993-2021, we report ten stylized facts that sharpen the traditional narrative about labor reallocation amid structural transformation. As incomes grow, labor exits primary production for downstream agri-food value chain segments that maintain a steady economywide employment share while offering jobs that pay better than farm work. Women disproportionately move from primary production to downstream, consumer-facing retail and food service, while men migrate to better-paying midstream jobs, increasing gender pay inequality within the value chain. Employment shifts are strongly associated with changes in national per capita income, but not with agricultural total factor productivity growth.en
dcterms.accessRightsOpen Access
dcterms.audienceAcademicsen
dcterms.bibliographicCitationYi, Jing; Jiang, Shiyun; Tran, Dianna; Gómez, Miguel I.; Canning, Patrick; Bloem, Jeffrey R.; and Barrett, Christopher B. 2024. How agri-food value chain employment and compensation evolve with structural transformation. IFPRI Discussion Paper 2311. Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute. https://hdl.handle.net/10568/168646en
dcterms.extent60 p.en
dcterms.isPartOfIFPRI Discussion Paperen
dcterms.issued2024-12-31
dcterms.languageen
dcterms.licenseCopyrighted; all rights reserved
dcterms.publisherInternational Food Policy Research Instituteen
dcterms.relationhttps://doi.org/10.2499/p15738coll2.137050en
dcterms.relationhttps://doi.org/10.2499/p15738coll2.136944en
dcterms.relationhttps://doi.org/10.1257/jel.20201539en
dcterms.subjectfood systemsen
dcterms.subjectagricultural developmenten
dcterms.subjectgender gapen
dcterms.subjectinput output analysisen
dcterms.subjectlabouren
dcterms.subjectagricultural value chainsen
dcterms.subjectemploymenten
dcterms.subjectstructural adjustmenten
dcterms.typeWorking Paper

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