Piloting producer-led scaling with the Positive Deviance approach for livestock health and feed extension in Awash Fentale Woreda, Afar Region: A scoping study

Livestock production remains the backbone of pastoral livelihoods in Awash Fentale Woreda, Afar Region, but is increasingly undermined by recurrent drought, rangeland degradation, invasive species, and persistent gaps in animal health and feed extension services. This scoping study piloted the feasibility of applying the Pioneer-Positive Deviance (P-PD) approach for producer-led scaling in livestock health and feed extension in pastoral and agro-pastoral settings. The study was conducted from 2–7 October 2025 through stakeholder consultations, key informant interviews, group discussions, and direct field observations. Findings revealed a livestock system under significant strain, characterized by non-functional clinics, irregular vaccination campaigns, shortages of veterinary drugs, degraded rangelands, shrinking grazing areas, and chronic feed shortages. Despite these challenges, strong community-led practices and resilient coping strategies were identified. P-PD households demonstrate disciplined livestock care, proactive decision-making, strategic mobility, and consistent feeding and watering practices. The study concludes that the P-PD approach is feasible and highly relevant for strengthening livestock health and feed extension in pastoralist settings.