Identifying positive deviant farms using pareto-optimality ranking technique to assess productivity and livelihood benefits in smallholder dairy farming under contrasting stressful environments in Tanzania

cg.authorship.typesCGIAR and developing country instituteen
cg.contributor.affiliationEgerton Universityen
cg.contributor.affiliationInternational Livestock Research Instituteen
cg.contributor.affiliationTanzania Livestock Research Instituteen
cg.contributor.donorWorld Banken
cg.contributor.donorCGIAR Trust Funden
cg.contributor.donorBill & Melinda Gates Foundationen
cg.contributor.initiativeSustainable Animal Productivity
cg.coverage.countryTanzania
cg.coverage.iso3166-alpha2TZ
cg.coverage.regionAfrica
cg.coverage.regionEastern Africa
cg.creator.identifierAlly Okeyo Mwai: 0000-0003-2379-7801
cg.creator.identifierDaniel Komwihangilo: 0000-0002-3291-9869
cg.howPublishedFormally Publisheden
cg.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.3390/world3030035en
cg.issn2673-4060en
cg.issue3en
cg.journalWorlden
cg.reviewStatusPeer Reviewen
cg.subject.actionAreaResilient Agrifood Systems
cg.subject.ilriANIMAL PRODUCTIONen
cg.subject.ilriDAIRYINGen
cg.subject.ilriLIVELIHOODSen
cg.subject.ilriLIVESTOCKen
cg.subject.sdgSDG 1 - No povertyen
cg.subject.sdgSDG 2 - Zero hungeren
cg.volume3en
dc.contributor.authorShija, D.S.en
dc.contributor.authorOkeyo Mwai, Allyen
dc.contributor.authorMigwi, P, K.en
dc.contributor.authorKomwihangilo, Daniel M.en
dc.contributor.authorBebe, B.O.en
dc.date.accessioned2022-09-06T17:24:34Zen
dc.date.available2022-09-06T17:24:34Zen
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10568/121152
dc.titleIdentifying positive deviant farms using pareto-optimality ranking technique to assess productivity and livelihood benefits in smallholder dairy farming under contrasting stressful environments in Tanzaniaen
dcterms.abstractIn smallholder dairy-cattle farming, identifying positive deviants that attain outstanding performance can inform targeted improvements in typical, comparable farms under similar environmental stresses. Mostly, positive deviants are identified subjectively, introducing bias and limiting generalisation. The aim of the study was to objectively identify positive deviant farms using the Pareto-optimality ranking technique in a sample of smallholder dairy farms under contrasting stressful environments in Tanzania to test the hypothesis that positive deviant farms that simultaneously outperform typical farms in multiple performance indicators also outperform in yield gap, productivity and livelihood benefits. The selection criteria set five performance indicators: energy balance ≥ 0.35 Mcal NEL/d, disease-incidence density ≤ 12.75 per 100 animal-years at risk, daily milk yield ≥ 6.32 L/cow/day, age at first calving ≤ 1153.28 days and calving interval ≤ 633.68 days. Findings proved the hypothesis. A few farms (27: 3.4%) emerged as positive deviants, outperforming typical farms in yield gap, productivity and livelihood benefits. The estimated yield gap in typical farms was 76.88% under low-stress environments and 48.04% under high-stress environments. On average, total cash income, gross margins and total benefits in dairy farming were higher in positive deviants than in typical farms in both low- and high-stress environments. These results show that the Pareto-optimality ranking technique applied in a large population objectively identified a few positive deviant farms that attained higher productivity and livelihood benefits in both low- and high-stress environments. However, positive deviants invested more in inputs. With positive deviant farms objectively identified, it is possible to characterise management practices that they deploy differently from typical farms and learn lessons to inform the uptake of best practices and extension messages to be directed to improving dairy management.en
dcterms.accessRightsOpen Access
dcterms.audienceAcademicsen
dcterms.audienceCGIARen
dcterms.audienceDevelopment Practitionersen
dcterms.available2022-09-05
dcterms.bibliographicCitationShija, D.S., Mwai, A.O., Migwi, P, K., Komwihangilo, D.M. and Bebe, B.O. 2022. Identifying positive deviant farms using pareto-optimality ranking technique to assess productivity and livelihood benefits in smallholder dairy farming under contrasting stressful environments in Tanzania. World 3(3):639–656.en
dcterms.extentp. 639-656en
dcterms.issued2022-09-05
dcterms.languageen
dcterms.licenseCC-BY-4.0
dcterms.publisherMDPIen
dcterms.subjectlivestocken
dcterms.subjectdairyingen
dcterms.subjectanimal productionen
dcterms.subjectlivelihoodsen
dcterms.typeJournal Article

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