Sensitivity and specificity estimation for the clinical diagnosis of highly pathogenic avian influenza in the Egyptian participatory disease surveillance program

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cg.authorship.typesCGIAR and developing country institute
cg.authorship.typesCGIAR and advanced research institute
cg.contributor.affiliationUniversidad Austral de Chile
cg.contributor.affiliationInternational Livestock Research Institute
cg.contributor.affiliationFood and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
cg.contributor.affiliationGeneral Organization for Veterinary Services, Egypt
cg.contributor.crpAgriculture for Nutrition and Health
cg.coverage.countryEgypt
cg.coverage.iso3166-alpha2EG
cg.coverage.regionAfrica
cg.coverage.regionNorthern Africa
cg.creator.identifierCristobal Verdugo: 0000-0002-8418-4219
cg.creator.identifierDelia Grace: 0000-0002-0195-9489
cg.howPublishedFormally Published
cg.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.1637/11442-060316-reg
cg.isijournalISI Journal
cg.issn0005-2086
cg.issue4
cg.journalAvian Diseases
cg.reviewStatusPeer Review
cg.subject.ilriBIRD FLU
cg.subject.ilriDIAGNOSTICS
cg.subject.ilriEPIDEMIOLOGY
cg.subject.ilriZOONOTIC DISEASES
cg.volume60
dc.contributor.authorVerdugo, Cristobal
dc.contributor.authorEl Masry, I.
dc.contributor.authorMakonnen, Y.
dc.contributor.authorHannah, H.
dc.contributor.authorUnger, Fred
dc.contributor.authorSoliman, M.
dc.contributor.authorGalal, S.
dc.contributor.authorLubroth, J.
dc.contributor.authorGrace, Delia
dc.date.accessioned2017-01-27T16:17:10Zen
dc.date.available2017-01-27T16:17:10Zen
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10568/79420
dc.titleSensitivity and specificity estimation for the clinical diagnosis of highly pathogenic avian influenza in the Egyptian participatory disease surveillance programen
dcterms.abstractMany developing countries lack sufficient resources to conduct animal disease surveillance. In recent years, participatory epidemiology has been used to increase the cover and decrease the costs of surveillance. However, few diagnostic performance assessments have been carried out on participatory methods. The objective of the present study was to estimate the diagnostic performance of practitioners working for the Community-Based Animal Health and Outreach (CAHO) program, which is a participatory disease surveillance system for the detection of highly pathogenic avian influenza outbreaks in Egypt. CAHO practitioners' diagnostic assessment of inspected birds was compared with real-time reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RRT-PCR) test results at the household level. Diagnostic performance was estimated directly from two-by-two tables using RRT-PCR as a reference test in two different scenarios. In the first scenario, only results from chickens were considered. In the second scenario, results for all poultry species were analyzed. Poultry flocks in 916 households located in 717 villages were inspected by CAHO practitioners, who collected 3458 bird samples. In the first scenario, CAHO practitioners presented sensitivity (Se) and specificity (Sp) estimates of 40% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 21%–59%) and 92% (95% CI: 91%–94%), respectively. In the second scenario, diagnostic performance estimates were Se = 47% (95% CI: 29%–65%) and Sp = 88% (95% CI: 86%–90%). A significant difference was observed only between Sp estimates (P < 0.01). Practitioners' diagnostics and RRT-PCR results were in very poor agreement with kappa values of 0.16 and 0.14 for scenarios 1 and 2, respectively. However, the use of a broad case definition, the possible presence of immunity against the virus in replacement birds, and the low prevalence observed during the survey would negatively affect the practitioners' performance.en
dcterms.accessRightsLimited Access
dcterms.audienceScientists
dcterms.bibliographicCitationVerdugo, C, El Masry, I., Makonnen, Y., Hannah, H., Unger, F., Soliman, M., Galal, S., Lubroth, J. and Grace, D. 2016. Sensitivity and specificity estimation for the clinical diagnosis of highly pathogenic avian influenza in the Egyptian participatory disease surveillance program. Avian Diseases 60(4): 805–809.en
dcterms.extentp. 805-809
dcterms.issued2016-09-19
dcterms.languageen
dcterms.licenseCopyrighted; all rights reserved
dcterms.publisherAmerican Association of Avian Pathologists
dcterms.subjectepidemiologyen
dcterms.subjectzoonosesen
dcterms.typeJournal Article

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