Impact pathways for the adoption of biological nitrification inhibition (BNI) wheat: a scoping study

Narmandakh, D., Kirui, L., Marenya, P. P., Cariappa, A. A. G., Ayana, N. G., Gimenez Barrera, A., Birru, T. M., Debello, M. J., Feyisa, T. G., Gichangi, A., Karanja, J., Kosgey, Z. C., Kumar, A., Mishra, C. N., Otukho, B., Sohu, V.S., Yadav, R., & Kommerell, V. (2025). Impact pathways for the adoption of biological nitrification inhibition (BNI) wheat: a scoping study. Mexico: CIMMYT. https://hdl.handle.net/10883/36328

This scoping study assesses the institutional, systemic, and market readiness for introducing Biological Nitrification Inhibition (BNI) wheat in Kenya, Ethiopia, and India. It applies CIMMYT’s Scaling for Impact diagnostic framework to identify technical, regulatory, and behavioral constraints to BNI scaling. The study draws on a systematic review of seed systems and farmer typology; analysis of nationally representative household surveys; and stakeholder consultations with 75 experts.