Chinese and Indian economic relations and development assistance to Zimbabwe: Rationale, controversies and significance

Tinarwo, Joseph; and Babu, Suresh Chandra. 2023. Chinese and Indian economic relations and de-velopment assistance to Zimbabwe: Rationale, controversies and significance. Journal of International Development 35(4): 655-667. https://doi.org/10.1002/jid.3704

Recent economic relations including foreign assistance scenario in Africa show expansion of China and India as emerging bilateral partners, competing with traditional countries in Europe and North America. The results of this paper found that the relationship of China and India with Zimbabwe has resulted in several challenges including increasing resource-backed debt burden, exploitation of the natural resources, and flouting of constitutional, environmental, and labor provisions. The paper recommends that the Zimbabwean government must demand loans and investments that are contracted under clear terms and conditions, with parliamentary oversight and public scrutiny to avoid abuse by the elites.