Access to water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) services and drinking water contamination risk levels in households of Bishoftu Town, Ethiopia: A cross-sectional study

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cg.authorship.typesCGIAR and developing country instituteen
cg.contributor.affiliationEthiopian Public Health Instituteen
cg.contributor.affiliationMinistry of Health, Ethiopiaen
cg.contributor.affiliationInternational Food Policy Research Instituteen
cg.contributor.donorMinistry of Health, Ethiopiaen
cg.contributor.donorCGIAR Trust Funden
cg.contributor.initiativeOne Health
cg.coverage.countryEthiopia
cg.coverage.iso3166-alpha2ET
cg.coverage.regionAfrica
cg.coverage.regionEastern Africa
cg.creator.identifierVivian Hoffmann: 0000-0002-6464-3748
cg.howPublishedFormally Publisheden
cg.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.1002/hsr2.1662en
cg.identifier.projectIFPRI - Markets, Trade, and Institutions Unit
cg.identifier.projectIFPRI - Systems Transformation - Food and Nutrition Policy
cg.identifier.publicationRankNot ranked
cg.isijournalISI Journalen
cg.issn2398-8835en
cg.issue11en
cg.journalHealth Science Reportsen
cg.reviewStatusPeer Reviewen
cg.subject.actionAreaResilient Agrifood Systems
cg.subject.impactAreaNutrition, health and food security
cg.subject.sdgSDG 3 - Good health and well-beingen
cg.subject.sdgSDG 6 - Clean water and sanitationen
cg.volume6en
dc.contributor.authorGirmay, A.M.en
dc.contributor.authorMengesha, S.D.en
dc.contributor.authorDinssa, D.A.en
dc.contributor.authorAlemu, Z.A.en
dc.contributor.authorWagari, B.en
dc.contributor.authorWeldegebriel, M.G.en
dc.contributor.authorSerte, M.G.en
dc.contributor.authorAlemayehu, T.A.en
dc.contributor.authorKenea, M.A.en
dc.contributor.authorWeldetinsae, A.en
dc.contributor.authorTeklu, K.T.en
dc.contributor.authorAdugna, E.A.en
dc.contributor.authorAwoke, K.S.en
dc.contributor.authorBedada, T.L.en
dc.contributor.authorGobena, W.en
dc.contributor.authorFikreslassie, G.en
dc.contributor.authorWube, W.en
dc.contributor.authorHoffmann, Vivianen
dc.contributor.authorTessema, M.en
dc.contributor.authorTollera, G.en
dc.date.accessioned2024-01-12T22:15:03Zen
dc.date.available2024-01-12T22:15:03Zen
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10568/137673
dc.titleAccess to water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) services and drinking water contamination risk levels in households of Bishoftu Town, Ethiopia: A cross-sectional studyen
dcterms.abstractBackground and Aims Access to safe drinking water, sanitation, and hygiene is a fundamental human right and essential to control infectious diseases. However, many countries, including Ethiopia, do not have adequate data to report on basic water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) services. Although contaminated drinking water spreads diseases like cholera, diarrhea, typhoid, and dysentery, studies on drinking water contamination risk levels in households are limited in Ethiopia. Therefore, closing this gap needs investigation. Methods A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted. A total of 5350 households were included. A systematic, simple random sampling technique was used to select the participants. The information was gathered through in-person interviews using a standardized questionnaire. Furthermore, 1070 drinking water samples were collected from household water storage. Results This investigation revealed that 9.8%, 83.9%, and 4.9% of households used limited, basic, and safely managed drinking water services, respectively. Besides, 10.2%, 15.7% and 59.3% of households used safely managed, basic and limited sanitation services, respectively. Yet, 10.6% and 4.2% of households used unimproved sanitation facilities and open defecation practices. Also, 40.5% and 19.4% of households used limited and basic hygiene services. On the other hand, 40.1% of households lacked functional handwashing facilities. In this study, 12.1%, 26.3%, and 42% of households’ drinking water samples were positive for Escherichia coli, fecal coliforms, and total coliforms, respectively. Also, 5.1% and 4.5% of households’ drinking water samples had very high and high contamination risk levels for E. coli, respectively. We found that 2.5% and 11.5% of households and water distributors had unacceptable fluoride concentrations, respectively. Conclusion The majority of households in Bishoftu town lack access to safely managed sanitation, drinking water, and basic hygiene services. Many households’ water samples had very high and high health risk levels. Hence, the government and partner organizations should implement water and sanitation safety plans.en
dcterms.accessRightsOpen Access
dcterms.audienceAcademicsen
dcterms.audienceScientistsen
dcterms.available2023-10-31
dcterms.bibliographicCitationGirmay, A.M., Mengesha, S.D., Dinssa, D.A., Alemu, Z.A., Wagari, B., Weldegebriel, M.G., Serte, M.G., Alemayehu, T.A., Kenea, M.A., Weldetinsae, A., Teklu, K.T., Adugna, E.A., Awoke, K.S., Bedada, T.L., Gobena, W., Fikreslassie, G., Wube, W., Hoffmann, V., Tessema, M. and Tollera, G. 2023. Access to water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) services and drinking water contamination risk levels in households of Bishoftu Town, Ethiopia: A cross-sectional study. Health Science Reports 6(11): e1662.en
dcterms.extente1662en
dcterms.isPartOfHealth Science Reportsen
dcterms.issued2023-11-01
dcterms.languageen
dcterms.licenseCC-BY-4.0
dcterms.publisherWileyen
dcterms.relationhttps://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2022-071296en
dcterms.replaceshttps://ebrary.ifpri.org/digital/collection/p15738coll5/id/8933en
dcterms.subjectwateren
dcterms.subjecthygieneen
dcterms.typeJournal Article

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