African Chicken Genetic Gains (ACGG)
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Item Asian Chicken Genetic Gains (AsCGG): A platform for exploring, testing and delivering improved chickens for enhanced livelihood outcomes in South East Asia(Presentation, 2023-11-24) Hoang Hai Hoa; Esatu, Wondmeneh; Ngo Thi Kim Cuc; Menghak Phem; Yitayih, Mulugeta; Getachew, Fasil; Sothyra Tum; Chhay Ty; Unger, Fred; Dessie, TadelleItem Sustainable poultry development in the tropics: Lessons on South-South collaboration from ILRI’s Tropical Poultry Genetics Solutions Program(Report, 2022-08-31) Dessie, Tadelle; Zewdie, YihenewThe Tropical Chicken Genetics Solutions (TPGS) initiative and its partners held a two-day workshop on 7–8 July 2022, at Bahir Dar University, Ethiopia, to document lessons learned from the program and explore opportunities to enhance the effectiveness of complementary chicken-based interventions. The workshop also proposed business models for improving the performance of chicken value chains. TPGS is a genetics innovation strategy for identifying and testing high-producing farmer-preferred poultry genotypes and using them at scale to address income, nutrition and empowerment challenges in Africa, Asia and beyond.Item Tropical Poultry Genetic Solutions (TPGS): Delivering farmer preferred, productive and ecologically adapted poultry to smallholders(Presentation, 2021-12-02) Dessie, TadelleItem Species and phenotypic distribution models reveal population differentiation in Ethiopian indigenous chickens(Journal Article, 2021-09-08) Getachew, Fasil; Komen, Hans; Dessie, Tadelle; Worku, Setegn; Hanotte, Olivier H.; Bastiaansen, John W.M.Smallholder poultry production dominated by indigenous chickens is an important source of livelihoods for most rural households in Ethiopia. The long history of domestication and the presence of diverse agroecologies in Ethiopia create unique opportunities to study the effect of environmental selective pressures. Species distribution models (SDMs) and Phenotypic distribution models (PDMs) can be applied to investigate the relationship between environmental variation and phenotypic differentiation in wild animals and domestic populations. In the present study we used SDMs and PDMs to detect environmental variables related with habitat suitability and phenotypic differentiation among nondescript Ethiopian indigenous chicken populations. 34 environmental variables (climatic, soil, and vegetation) and 19 quantitative traits were analyzed for 513 adult chickens from 26 populations. To have high variation in the dataset for phenotypic and ecological parameters, animals were sampled from four spatial gradients (each represented by six to seven populations), located in different climatic zones and geographies. Three different ecotypes are proposed based on correlation test between habitat suitability maps and phenotypic clustering of sample populations. These specific ecotypes show phenotypic differentiation, likely in response to environmental selective pressures. Nine environmental variables with the highest contribution to habitat suitability are identified. The relationship between quantitative traits and a few of the environmental variables associated with habitat suitability is non-linear. Our results highlight the benefits of integrating species and phenotypic distribution modeling approaches in characterization of livestock populations, delineation of suitable habitats for specific breeds, and understanding of the relationship between ecological variables and quantitative traits, and underlying evolutionary processes.Item Economic and marketing performance of chicken value chain actors in Nigeria: Challenges and business opportunities for sustainable livelihood(Report, 2021-09-30) Yitayih, Mulugeta; Esatu, Wondmeneh; Geremew, Kumlachew; Yemane, Tsion; Oyewale, O.A.; Adesina, A.; Dessie, TadelleItem Complete Scaling Readiness study of tropical poultry genetic solutions strategy in Ethiopia, Tanzania and Nigeria(Report, 2021-09-30) Sartas, Murat; Kang'ethe, Edwin; Dror, IddoItem A smallholder poultry feed app: Development and field test(Journal Article, 2020-03-15) Oyewale, O.A.; Ojebiyi, O.O.; Adedeji, F.A.; Bamidele, O.; Sonaiya, E.B.Item On-station performance evaluation of improved tropically adapted chicken breeds for smallholder poultry production systems in Nigeria(Journal Article, 2020-07) Bamidele, Oladeji; Sonaiya, E.B.; Adebambo, Ayotunde Olufunmilayo; Dessie, TadelleAvailability of appropriate genetics is important for the development of smallholder poultry (SHP). The biological potential of improved dual purpose chicken germplasms was evaluated in Nigeria.A total of six breeds (Fulani, FUNAAB Alpha, Kuroiler, Noiler, Sasso, and Shika-Brown) were tested on-station, in deep litter houses at two test centres (Public and private facility) for 504 days. Birds were fed ad libitum for the first 140 days after which restricted feeding was practised.Lowest and highest hatchability of eggs set was 55% (FUNAAB Alpha) and 89% (Sasso), respectively. At 140 days, male live weights were 200%–300 % higher than the local chickens (975 g) except Shika-Brown (152%) and Fulani (135%). Lowest (p < 0.05) age at first egg was 119 days for Shika-Brown and 120 days for FUNAAB Alpha and Kuroiler. Highest hen-housed egg production was 192 for Shika-Brown, and feed intake per dozen eggs was lowest (p < 0.05) for Shika-Brown (2.9 kg) and FUNAAB Alpha (2.9 kg). Mortality rate of the locally sourced breeds (Fulani, FUNAAB Alpha, Noiler, and Shika-Brown) was significantly lower (p < 0.05) than the foreign-sourced breeds (Kuroiler, Sasso) during brooding, growing and laying.Results from this study identified FUNAAB Alpha and Noiler as being more suitable for dual-purpose functions (egg and meat), while Sasso and Kuroiler (meat) and Shika-Brown (egg) were observed to be better suited for single purpose functions. These findings could guide the introduction of smallholder poultry-specific hybrid germplasms for the development of the smallholder poultry production systems in Nigeria.Item Functional evolution of the colony‐stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R) and its ligands in birds(Journal Article, 2020-02-01) Hume, D.A.; Gutowska‐Ding, M.W.; Garcia‐Morales, C.; Kebede, A.; Bamidele, Oladeji; Trujillo, A.V.; Gheyas, Almas A.; Smith, J.Macrophage colony-stimulating factor (CSF1 or M-CSF) and interleukin 34 (IL34) are secreted cytokines that control macrophage survival and differentiation. Both act through the CSF1 receptor (CSF1R), a type III transmembrane receptor tyrosine kinase. The functions of CSF1R and both ligands are conserved in birds. We have analyzed protein-coding sequence divergence among avian species. The intracellular tyrosine kinase domain of CSF1R was highly conserved in bird species as in mammals but the extracellular domain of avian CSF1R was more divergent in birds with multiple positively selected amino acids. Based upon crystal structures of the mammalian CSF1/IL34 receptor-ligand interfaces and structure-based alignments, we identified amino acids involved in avian receptor-ligand interactions. The contact amino acids in both CSF1 and CSF1R diverged among avian species. Ligand-binding domain swaps between chicken and zebra finch CSF1 confirmed the function of variants that confer species specificity on the interaction of CSF1 with CSF1R. Based upon genomic sequence analysis, we identified prevalent amino acid changes in the extracellular domain of CSF1R even within the chicken species that distinguished commercial broilers and layers and tropically adapted breeds. The rapid evolution in the extracellular domain of avian CSF1R suggests that at least in birds this ligand-receptor interaction is subjected to pathogen selection. We discuss this finding in the context of expression of CSF1R in antigen-sampling and antigen-presenting cells.Item Agriculture nutrition outcomes in women and children in rural farming households: ACGG-ATONU collaboration project report(Report, 2020-06-01) African Chicken Genetic GainsItem Agriculture to Nutrition (ATONU): Evaluation of integrated agriculture and nutrition-sensitive interventions for the African Chicken Genetic Gains (ACGG) programme in Tanzania-Endline report(Report, 2019-12) African Chicken Genetic GainsItem Growth performance of DZ-white and Improved Horro chicken breeds under different agro-ecological zones of Ethiopia(Journal Article, 2020-02-04) Mulugeta, S.; Goshu, G.; Esatu, WondmenehItem Tanzania 7th national chicken genetic gains innovation platform [1st Tanzania Smallholder Poultry Association (TASPA)] convening(Report, 2019-06-20) African Chicken Genetic GainsItem Nigeria 7th national chicken genetic gains innovation platform (3rd smallholder poultry value chain forum) convening(Report, 2018-10-31) African Chicken Genetic GainsItem Ethiopia 7th national chicken genetic gains innovation platform (Ethiopian 1st national poultry forum) convening(Report, 2019-04-16) African Chicken Genetic GainsItem Unleashing the power of data in transforming livestock agriculture in Ethiopia(Conference Paper, 2019-08-29) Getachew, Fasil; Worku, Setegn; Esatu, Wondmeneh; Dessie, TadelleItem Using phenotypic distribution models to predict livestock performance(Journal Article, 2019-10-25) Lozano Jaramillo, Maria; Worku, Setegn; Dessie, Tadelle; Komen, Hans; Bastiaansen, John W.M.Livestock production systems of the developing world use indigenous breeds that locally adapted to specific agro-ecologies. Introducing commercial breeds usually results in lower productivity than expected, as a result of unfavourable genotype by environment interaction. It is difficult to predict of how these commercial breeds will perform in different conditions encountered in e.g. sub-Saharan Africa. Here, we present a novel methodology to model performance, by using growth data from different chicken breeds that were tested in Ethiopia. The suitability of these commercial breeds was tested by predicting the response of body weight as a function of the environment across Ethiopia. Phenotype distribution models were built using machine learning algorithms to make predictions of weight in the local environmental conditions based on the productivity for the breed. Based on the predicted body weight, breeds were assigned as being most suitable in a given agro-ecology or region. We identified the most important environmental variables that explained the variation in body weight across agro-ecologies for each of the breeds. Our results highlight the importance of acknowledging the role of environment in predicting productivity in scavenging chicken production systems. The use of phenotype distribution models in livestock breeding is recommended to develop breeds that will better fit in their intended production environment.Item Accessible and open data on chicken performance supports investment decisions in sub-Saharan Africa(Presentation, 2019-10-23) Dessie, TadelleItem Gender strategic research for the African Chicken Genetic Gains (ACGG) project: A qualitative research guide(Report, 2018) Mulema, Annet A.Item Gender assessment of local understanding and indicators of empowerment among ACGG project beneficiaries in Nigeria(Report, 2018-07-30) Olanike, F.D.; Mulema, Annet A.; Ogundu, U.E.; Ajayi, F.; Opayinka, A.O.; Sonaiya, Emmanuel B.