CGIAR Initiative on Market Intelligence

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/10568/117894

Part of the CGIAR Action Area on Genetic Innovation

Primary CGIAR impact area: Gender equality, youth and social inclusion

https://www.cgiar.org/initiative/05-market-intelligence-for-more-equitable-and-impactful-genetic-innovation/

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Desde la investigación hacia los mercados: Perspectivas globales de la yuca
(Presentation, 2025-09-25) Andrade Lopez, Robert Santiago
Mercados en transformación: Asia lidera productividad y comercio; África expande producción; LAC debe reactivar su competitividad. Ciencia con impacto: Germoplasma, perfiles de producto objetivo y variedades adoptadas generan valor económico y social. Futuro resiliente: Modelos como IMPACT muestran trayectorias divergentes; combinar ciencia, mercados y colaboración es esencial.
Trait preferences and lentil varietal adoption in central Ethiopia: A multistakeholder approach
(Journal Article) Najjar, Dina; Nomunume Baada, Jemima; Amoak, Daniel; Ouesalti, Dorsaf; Agrawal, Shiv Kumar
Agricultural technologies, including modern/improved crop varieties, are a critical measure for improving productivity, meeting food security needs, and bridging inequalities. This notwithstanding, adoption of some improved crop varieties in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) tends to be low, with factors such as limited information, poor access to inputs, and risk averseness cited as reasons for low adoption. Few studies in SSA, and Ethiopia particularly, examine the influence of lentil trait preferences on adoption, and the ones that do only look at farmers’ perspectives who are often treated as a homogenous group. This is despite the importance of lentils as a subsistence and growing market crop, and the fact that diverse factors may determine adoption among farmers. To address these knowledge gaps, this study used a mixed methods approach involving multiple stakeholders (n = 808) to understand gendered patterns in lentil varietal adoption and trait preferences, using an intersectional lens. The findings revealed low adoption rates for improved varieties for women and men alike due to poor disease resistance, and insufficient attention from the breeding programs to preferred processing and consumer traits, as well as the differentiated needs of farmers. Paying attention to these trait needs serves to inform gender-intentional breeding and improve the income generation potential of lentil varieties for diverse farmer groups. As such, we recommend sex-disaggregated data collection from socially differentiated groups and market representatives in order to inform breeding priorities along with the development of multiple varieties that suit different needs.
Advancing pigeonpea variety choices for Kenya’s agricultural future
(Brief, 2025-09) Kairu, Susan; Mbugua-Gitonga, Agnes; Nadigatla, Ganga Rao; Bett, Charles; Karimi, Rael
Growing of pigeonpea varieties with low production, pest and disease susceptibility, and long maturity periods has significantly contributed to Kenya’s long-term declining production of the crop. To understand the crop’s market opportunities, CIMMYT’s Market Intelligence delved into the following: How adequately represented are the varietal traits crucial toward meeting key grower, industry, and consumer requirements for Kenya’s improved pigeonpea? Qualitative in-depth-interviews (IDIs) were used to deeply analyze local growing, selling, and consumption of pigeonpea. Data were collected from 12 farmers who were also consumers of pigeonpea, an aggregator, KALRO (a seed producer and formal trader), a seed company, and five informal traders. In leveraging thematic saturation, high seed quality emerged as a crucial consideration, represented by creamy grain color, smoothness, oval shape, 6-mm+ size, smooth seed texture, and luster/glossiness. Early maturity, high yield, medium plant height, intercropping compatibility, pod texture, disease resistance, relatively thick stems, ease of uprooting, and high ratoonability were also adoption drivers for farmers. Emerging as important consumer requirements were easy shelling, faster cooking time, adequate grain size before and after cooking, low flatulence, high nutrition, high satiety, as well as low perishability upon harvesting and cooking. Based on the findings, we propose that Kenya pigeonpea Target Product Profile trait categories be grouped into (1) seed quality, (2) crop, (3) agronomic disease, (4) consumer, and (5) processing, with the aforementioned requirements being prioritized. This brief also captures the need for geography-specific improved varieties suited to Kenya’s lowland and relatively highland dry areas, enhanced awareness on improved varieties, and fast-tracking of commercialization of new improved pigeonpea.
Improving marketing strategies of local rice in Ghanaian cities: A perspective from a survey of rice purchasers
(Brief, 2025-09) Soullier, Guillaume; Sy, Mariam Maki; Agyei-Holmes, Andrew; Méndez del Villar, Patricio
The advocacy of market-based approaches aims to enhance breeding and varietal adoption to meet final market demand. The CGIAR Market Intelligence Area of Work research emphasizes the role of downstream market actors in the process of varietal replacement and product substitution. This brief provides recommendations to breeders of local rice varieties and policymakers in order to support the development of local rice purchases. It characterizes the rice market segments in Ghana in terms of rice origins and quality attributes, describes the profile of purchasers in these segments, and identifies the drivers of rice preferences. A database of 1,214 rice purchasers was evaluated using descriptive analysis and econometric modeling. First, whereas varieties destined to Northern urban markets should be adapted to parboiling techniques and have a good swelling capacity and softness, the ones targeting cities in the Central and Southern regions should be perfumed and nutritious. Second, value chain actors should adopt technologies and practices to upgrade cleanliness and purity, which are reasons why urban consumers prefer imported rice over local rice. Third, the brief recommends differentiating local rice through branding strategies at the level of value chain actors or geographical areas. Local rice promotion campaigns can be carried out through traditional media, digital platforms, social relationships, and discovery tests, and can be tailored to cities. Finally, high-yielding varieties should be selected to increase local rice availability.
Unlocking sorghum market opportunities in Benin
(Brief, 2025-09) Anihouvi, Sèdo Eudes; Pede, Pénelope; Adinsi, Laurent; Hotegni, Francis; Honfozo, Laurenda; Bouniol, Alexandre; Tran, Thierry; Dufour, Dominique; Akissoe, Noël
Sorghum is a key staple crop cultivated across the central and northern regions of Benin. It plays a vital role in ensuring food security, supporting rural livelihoods, and contributing to the agricultural economy. Despite its adaptability to diverse agroecological zones and its ranking as the third most important cereal crop after maize and rice, sorghum remains absent from the government’s list of priority crops. This brief draws on a synthesis of existing knowledge and stakeholder surveys involving farmers, traders, and consumers to identify the constraints and opportunities surrounding sorghum production and marketing in Benin. The findings reveal major challenges such as a lack of quality seed supply, limited extension services, and vulnerability to biotic and abiotic stresses. Farmers often rely on seeds from previous harvests or local markets, thus hindering the adoption of improved varieties. Economically, sorghum cultivation is more profitable than maize, with an opportunity cost advantage of approximately 54,000 FCFA (USD 108) per hectare. Market segmentation is emerging based on end-user preferences, ranging from red sorghum enthusiasts to a growing demand for white sorghum. This highlights untapped potential for targeted value chain development. To fully leverage sorghum’s potential, strategic interventions are needed in several areas: strengthening seed systems, improving access to extension services, enhancing institutional support, and developing structured market segments (as seen in successful rice, pineapple, and cashew sectors). By addressing production constraints and promoting climate-resilient varieties, sorghum can play a central role in boosting food security, nutrition, and economic resilience in Benin.
Aligning Yam market segments with breeding targets in Côte d'Ivore: A value chain perspective
(Brief, 2025-09) Diby, N'Nan A. Sylvie; Mobio, Aubin Jacob; Kouassi, Hermann Antonin; Kanon, Landry Alban; Deffan, Prudence Kahndo; Ehounou, Emmanuel; Dibi, Evrard Konan; Tran, Thierry; Kouakou, Amani M.; Dufour, Dominique; Mbéguié-A-Mbéguié, Didier
Yam is the leading non-cereal food crop in Côte d’Ivoire. With annual production about 8 million tons in 2023, it plays a strategic role in achieving national food security. However, the sector faces challenges: population growth, the emergence of competing cash crops such as cashew, emerging diseases, and climate change. Ensuring a year-round supply of quality yams to the market requires innovative approaches, grounded in a clear understanding of production systems, marketing structures, and market segmentation. This study combines literature reviews and field survey data to (1) provide an overview of the yam sector and (2) analyze market structuring and flow dynamics. Yam production in Côte d’Ivoire is concentrated in the central and northern regions. The former is dominated by late-maturing varieties, largely destined for subsistence consumption, while the northern region focuses on early-maturing varieties for commercial purposes. The yam market is supplied year-round with seven to eight main varieties, with Kponan being the most in demand. Distribution involves multiple stakeholders and follows four main types of supply chains, organized across three functional zones: the production (export) zone, the consumption (receiving) zone, and the redistribution (mixed) zone. Yam prices fluctuate according to seasonality, varietal quality, and the distance between production and consumption zones. Yams are typically sold by weight or in heaps. One key finding from our survey-based study is that late-maturing varieties have more superior storage capacity than early maturing ones. It is therefore recommended that breeders consider yam storage capacity as an additional key trait during hybrid selection. Hybrids with strong storage capacity, combined with appropriate agronomic practices, could help stabilize market supply while ensuring quality traits valued by consumers.
Where is my crop? Common bean observatory
(Presentation, 2025-06) Rivera, Tatiana; Andrade, Robert; Pedreros, Ricardo; Vergara, Jose Daniel; Garcia, Carolina
Economic evaluation of supplementation with Canavalia brasiliensis CIAT 17009 in a Colombian dual-purpose cattle system
(Journal Article, 2025-08-19) Junca-Paredes, John Jairo; Mojica Rodríguez, José Edwin; Sotelo-Cabrera, Mauricio Efren; Castro Rincón, Edwin; Burkart, Stefan
Introduction In the dual-purpose cattle systems of the Colombian Caribbean region, the grass Bothriochloa pertusa (Colosuana) is predominant. Despite its overall good performance, its productivity and quality significantly decline during dry seasons, leading to feed shortages and production slumps. Supplementation with legumes and improvement of pasture conditions are effective measures to address these challenges, but their adoption remains low in the region, which, among others, is related to limited availability to information on both legume cultivation and conservation, seed scarcity, and financial constraints. Methods Against this background and with the purpose of contributing to closing the information gap, this study provides an economic assessment to determine the feasibility of adopting pasture improvement measures and legume hay supplementation. Based on information from agronomic evaluations conducted by AGROSAVIA, the economic analysis compares a traditional dual-purpose grazing system ( Bothriochloa pertusa monoculture) with 3 improved systems that contemplate both pasture improvement of Bothriochloa pertusa and supplementation with hay of the legume Canavalia brasiliensis at 3 different inclusion levels (0.5, 1.0, 1.5% dry matter of animal liveweight). Results and discussion The results show that pasture improvement and supplementation significantly improve the productivity of the production system and thus its economic performance, as documented by improved financial indicators, such as the Net Present Value, Internal Rate of Return, or Benefit–Cost Ratio.
Are consumers willing to trade off sensory quality for health benefits? Experimental evidence from low glycemic index rice
(Journal Article, 2025-08-15) Custodio, Marie Claire; Ynion, Jhoanne; Buenafe, Reuben James; Sreenivasulu, Nese; Demont, Matty; De Steur, Hans
Diet-related non-communicable diseases (NCDs) disproportionately affect low- and middle-income countries, including Asia where milled rice is consumed as a staple food. Efforts to reduce NCD risks include the development of low glycemic index (GI) rice. However, the firmer texture associated with low-GI rice may hinder uptake in market segments where softer texture is preferred, such as in Southeast Asia. Little is known about consumers' valuation of low-GI rice and the tradeoff between health benefits and sensory quality. Since low-GI rice is a credence attribute, consumers need to be informed about its potential health benefits and this needs to be framed in the broader context of a healthy lifestyle. To understand this tradeoff, we conduct experimental auctions with 400 urban consumers in the Philippines to elicit sensory evaluation and willingness to pay (WTP) for low-GI rice and analyze the role of information and other factors through a double hurdle model. Compared with premium white rice as the benchmark, low-GI rice fetches lower sensory scores and is discounted by US¢13/kg. Healthy lifestyle information boosts WTP by US¢6/kg. WTP is positively associated with knowledge on Diabetes Type 2 and negatively with perceptions on the role of physical activity in preventing NCDs, underscoring the importance of communicating the complementary role of healthy eating and physical activity. These findings offer insights into key message framing in nutrition education programs and trait requirements for breeding programs to alleviate NCD risks through low-GI rice tailored to consumer requirements in the Global South.
Connecting economic impact of cassava diseases: CBSD as a major threat from Sub-Saharan Africa to Southeast Asia
(Presentation, 2025-07-28) Reyes, Byron; Esponda, Maria Del Mar; Schiek, Benjamin; Petsakos, Athanasios; Andrade, Robert
Understanding cassava diseases like CBSD from a cross-regional perspective is essential, as the lack of investment in preventive breeding pipelines in Southeast Asia—despite the availability of resistant genetic accessions in Latin America and the devastating precedent in Africa—leaves the region vulnerable to future outbreaks that could cost millions, highlighting the critical need for proactive, globally informed R&D strategies.
SOP for the determination and quantification of phenolic compounds in bean flour by HPLC
(Manual, 2025-06) Orozco Agredo, Juan Camilo; Londoño Hernandez, Luis Fernando; Taleon, Victor; Gallego Castillo, Sonia
This SOP describes the stages of the extraction process, drying, identification, and quantification of the main phenolic compounds in common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)
Buyer-side gender discrimination in bargaining: Evidence from seed sales in Uganda
(Journal Article, 2025-12) Van Campenhout, Bjorn; Nabwire, Leocardia
Haggling over prices is a common feature of economic transactions in many societies. This study examines whether the gender of the seller influences buyers’ negotiation strategies and outcomes in bilateral price bargaining. Using a bargaining experiment in eastern Uganda, we analyze interactions between smallholder maize farmers and either a male or female seed seller. Our findings reveal that buyers negotiating with female sellers are less likely to accept the initial offer price and respond with lower counter-bids compared to those bargaining with male sellers. Negotiations also last, on average, one round longer when the seller is a woman, and final transaction prices are nearly 9 percent lower. These results are particularly relevant for rural economies, where restrictive gender norms limit women’s financial autonomy. Given that small agribusinesses often provide one of the few viable income-generating opportunities for women, gender biases in market interactions can have substantial implications for economic empowerment and household welfare.
Global shocks and local sellers: Kenyan fertilizer markets' response to the fuel-fertilizer-food price crisis
(Journal Article, 2025-05) Willwerth, Hanna S.; Khaemba, Colleta; Serra, Teresa; Michelson, Hope C.; Rutsaert, Pieter; Donovan, Jason A.
Global fertilizer prices doubled during the 2020-2022 fuel-fertilizer-food crisis, pushing an additional 210 million people into acute food insecurity. We use transaction-level data from agro-dealers to analyze how this global shock transmitted through Kenyan retail markets. How global price shocks spread across rural markets to affect firms and farmers in low-income countries remains poorly understood. We show that retail fertilizer prices in Kenya rose 81% on average during the crisis, with remarkable spatial variation ranging from 5% decreases to 138% increases across shops. We use dyadic panel analysis to identify changes in price transmission and in market integration across Kenyan fertilizer retailers and to evaluate the effects of government policy intervention. We find evidence of asymmetric price transmission; agro-dealer prices responded faster to import price increases than decreases. We show that larger shops and major agricultural production zones experienced faster price transmission and stronger integration with import markets relative to high-poverty areas. Kenya's National Fertilizer Subsidy Program slowed price transmission but may have prolonged higher fertilizer retail prices. Our results imply that farmers do not benefit as rapidly from input price reductions as they would under symmetric transmission. Our results also demonstrate that global shocks transmit unevenly across markets, suggesting effective stabilization policies should account for heterogeneity in market conditions and variable pass-through behavior.
Building gender considerations into livestock breeding in low- and middle-income countries
(Journal Article, 2025-06-25) Galiè, Alessandra; Ojango, Julie M.K.; Farnworth, C.R.; Jumba, Humphrey; Roeven, L.; Marshall, Karen
Livestock breeding programs are important in low- and middle-income countries because of the large number of livestock systems that can benefit from improved genetics. Local gender norms and dynamics shape livestock management in households and communities. They influence the ways in which women and men provide inputs, such as labor, finance, time, and knowledge into their livestock systems. They shape the specific needs, preferences, and distribution of the benefits derived from improved genetics. Breeding strategies must consider such gender dynamics to effectively contribute to various livestock systems and ensure that their benefits are equally shared within households and communities. However, the scoping review and key informant interviews conducted in this study revealed a sparse body of knowledge on gender-responsive livestock breeding. The purpose of this study is to develop a framework that can inform gender-responsive livestock breeding programs and, in so doing, develop a comprehensive knowledge base. The framework builds on the following key steps of a breeding program: (i) targeting, (ii) operationalization of the genetic improvement strategy, (iii) marketing and dissemination of genetic material, and (iv) ensuring equitable benefits from improved genetics. In each step, key gender questions are set out to help breeders and gender scientists think through and assemble the gendered information they need. These questions are of two types: gender-accommodative (to respond to gendered needs and priorities while reflecting existing gender norms and dynamics) and gender-transformative (to respond to gendered needs and priorities while allowing women to work towards their aspirations in livestock systems by challenging the discrimination of gender norms). The primary target readership is livestock breeders and social researchers working in low- and middle-income countries to improve livelihoods through livestock, with a focus on genetic improvement.
Boosting livestock productivity and sustainability in East Africa: The role of forage seed systems
(Blog Post, 2025-02-13) Burkart, Stefan; Mwendia, Solomon Waweru
Livestock farming plays a critical role in the economies of East African countries, with millions of people depending on cattle, goats and sheep for food, income and employment. However, despite the region's vast agricultural potential, livestock production faces a significant feed deficit - nearly 40% of the total ruminant feed demand is unmet annually. This challenge, compounded by climate change, is limiting the region's ability to maximize livestock productivity. Addressing this feed shortage is essential for improving food security, rural livelihoods and environmental sustainability.
From deficiency to demand: Consumer preferences for zinc-biofortified rice in Colombia
(Journal Article, 2025-05-01) Oswalt, Sara; Durand-Morat, Alvaro; Rivera, Tatiana; Gallego, Sonia; Andrade, Robert; McFadden, Brandon; Bonatti, Michelle
Undernourishment caused by micronutrient deficiencies (hidden hunger) remains a critical global challenge affecting billions worldwide. Approximately 25 % of the population in Colombia has inadequate zinc intake. Biofortification of staple crops, such as rice, offers a promising solution to address this problem. However, changes in the physical and culinary attributes due to biofortification may hinder consumer acceptance and limit the benefits of this approach. This study assesses the impact of zinc fortification, information, and consumer nutrition knowledge on consumers' willingness to pay (WTP) for rice in Cartagena, Colombia. We used a non-hypothetical experimental auction including 400 consumers. The results indicate that, without labelling and information treatment, zinc-biofortified rice is priced equal to premium-quality rice, and at an 18.8 % premium relative to standard-quality rice, highlighting that the high zinc content did not affect rice quality. Labelling results in an increase in WTP for both zinc-biofortified and premium-quality rice but not for standard-quality rice. Information about the benefits of zinc and the problems of zinc deficiency increases the WTP for zinc-biofortified rice by 8.2 % premium relative to premium-quality rice and a 43.8 % premium relative to standard-quality rice, which was reinforced by participants' nutrition knowledge. These findings provide valuable insights for policymakers and stakeholders aiming to address malnutrition effectively, suggesting the implementation of targeted educational initiatives to enhance consumer acceptance, as well as the rice industry and retailers hoping to produce and market biofortified staple crops.
Consumers’ acceptance and valuation of healthier rice: implications for promoting healthy diets in the Philippines
(Journal Article, 2025-02-13) Custodio, Marie Claire; Ynion, Jhoanne; Demont, Matty; De Steur, Hans
Purpose This paper aims to analyze and compare consumers’ acceptance and valuation of brown, colored and low glycemic index rice and identify the factors that influence their willingness to pay (WTP). Design/methodology/approach A stated-preference survey was conducted among 600 middle-class urban consumers in the Philippines, using a contingent valuation approach with a between-subjects design. The data were analyzed using hierarchical multiple linear regression. Findings Consumers accepted healthier rice types, but they discounted them relative to premium white rice, despite receiving product-specific information on health benefits. Consumers’ household income, attitude toward healthy eating and their diet quality had significant effects on WTP. Snack occasions could serve as entry points for healthier rice rather than targeting the substitution of white rice during main eating occasions. Generic information on nutritional benefits of healthier rice products was insufficient to nudge consumers’ intentions toward integrating these products into their diets. Practical implications The empirical contribution provides insights for breeding programs on the design of rice target product profiles that incorporate nutritional attributes. Originality/value The current study addresses the gap in consumer preference studies by evaluating nutrition-related attributes of rice. Measures of attitude toward food-based dietary guidelines and indicators of diet quality were included in the set of predictors that may influence WTP. The results provide insights for designing nutrition education programs to promote healthier rice in the context of healthy eating habits and to enhance the health benefits of consumers’ current diets. Future studies should further explore different types of nutrition nudges that encourage consumers to eat healthier rice-based dishes and test nutrition communication strategies that move from a narrow product focus to a broader emphasis on dietary diversity by promoting healthier dishes based on healthier rice products.
Market segmentation for peppers and tomatoes in Africa
(Brief, 2025-05) Ambali, Mwasilwa; Zohoungbogbo, Herbaud; Ayenan, Mathieu; Eybishitz, Assaf; Barchenger, Derek; Schreinemachers, Pepijn
The agricultural sector is facing a critical gap in data regarding the future preferences and requirements of key stakeholders such as farmers, processors, and consumers, particularly in the context of public-sector vegetable breeding research. While the CGIAR mandate crops benefit from the Seed Product Market Segment Database, vegetables are notably absent, despite their significance for nutrition, health, income, and biodiversity. This brief explains the process used to determine market segments and Target Product Profiles for tomatoes and peppers in Africa through workshops and research conducted by the World Vegetable Center (WorldVeg) in collaboration with the CGIAR Initiative on Market Intelligence. WorldVeg, which develops both finished and nearly-finished breeding lines, conducted a market segmentation exercise for tomatoes and peppers in Africa. This exercise was based on the eight market segmentation criteria with necessary customizations to address the unique characteristics of each vegetable crop. For East and West Africa, the study found 16 tomato segments. Tomato production in East and West Africa is distinguished by altitude, with West Africa featuring lowland cultivation below 300 m and East Africa featuring highland cultivation above 300 m, thus necessitating region-specific disease resistance traits. For hot peppers in East and West Africa, 15 different segments were identified. West Africa prefers habanero peppers, while East Africa’s market is diverse, with chili peppers being the primary crop, along with varying market segments across countries. The market segmentation for tomatoes and peppers provides a foundational understanding of market requirements.
Demand-driven vegetable breeding for impact
(Brief, 2025-05) Barchenger, Derek; Zohoungbogbo, Herbaud; Ambali, Mwasilwa; Nalla, Manoj Kumar; Eybishitz, Assaf; Schreinemachers, Pepijn
The success of vegetable breeding programs depends not only on yield but also on the development of cultivars that align with the needs and preferences of actors across the value chain. Pest and disease resistance as well as key quality traits are critically important for ensuring the adoption of new varieties, particularly by smallholder farmers. To achieve this, vegetable breeding must be demand-driven, incorporating comprehensive feedback from users throughout the value chain. At the World Vegetable Center (WorldVeg), breeding efforts begin with strong partnerships with the private seed sector, which shares common objectives for varietal improvement. This collaboration is further validated through a systematic approach that includes experimental diagnostics of pest and disease resistance, field visits to assess performance under real farming conditions, and stakeholder engagement with farmers, nursery owners, traders, exporters, and processors. Participatory cultivar selection, particularly at the final stage before variety registration and release, is a critical component of this approach. A feedback mechanism ensures that breeding decisions are informed by end-user needs, ultimately enhancing the adoption of improved cultivars by smallholder farmers and contributing to sustainable agricultural development.
Exploring future rice market segments and trait priorities in the face of climate change in Southeast Asia
(Brief, 2025-05) Valera, Harold; Bayot, Ruvicyn; Pede, Valerien; Demont, Matty; Connor, Melanie
Rice production provides food security for billions of people in Southeast Asia (SEA). However, it is negatively influenced by changing climatic conditions, such as extreme weather events and increasing temperatures. This is exacerbated by increasing marginal cropping areas (e.g., those with high salinity, poor soil quality, high soil toxicity, etc.). There is thus a need to review and explore the current seed product market segmentation and the corresponding target product profiles for potential future requirements that increase climate mitigation and adaptation potential. This brief uses the findings from the latest research on farmer requirements and future climate change scenarios to identify future market segments and important traits that enhance sustainability and resilience in SEA. We used Impact Opportunities, Market Segments, and Target Product Profile (TPP) portals hosted in the Global Market Intelligence Platform (GloMIP) to offer background information on the relevance of the SEA rice market. Climate change scenario analysis points to adverse effects on rice production in SEA. Possible strategies could focus on including agronomic traits such as water-use efficiency, nutrient-use efficiency, and shifting to short-duration varieties in the TPPs. In addition, the recent increased importance of direct-seeded rice and the shift from transplanting to direct-seeding in Thailand could create a major change in the size of some transplanted market segments in Viet Nam and Myanmar vis-à-vis direct-seeded segments. Furthermore, two potential new market segments were identified: perennial rice and rice ratooning, which could help to address climate change.

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