IWMI Briefs
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Item Basic instrumentation for informed decision making in Nepal’s large irrigation system: technical brief(Brief, 2025-07-18) Nepal, Santosh; K.C., Jibesh Kumar; Khanal, A.; Neupane, N.; Bhatt, D.The National Irrigation Policy of 2023 emphasizes the importance of volumetric water allocation for enhancing agricultural productivity in Nepal. A key part of this is enhancing the availability and use of flow data from canals to fields. Currently, Nepal lacks a consistent system for monitoring and managing irrigation water, resulting in inefficiencies and inequities in water distribution. Many systems suffer from poor infrastructure and ad hoc management, leading to serious head–tail disparities, where tail-end farmers receive little or no water, particularly in dry periods. The absence of regular flow and soil moisture data makes it difficult for both irrigation managers and farmers to make informed decisions about water allocation and irrigation scheduling. To support the policy’s goals, the International Water Management Institute (IWMI), in partnership with the Department of Water Resources and Irrigation (DWRI), initiated a pilot intervention in the Babai Irrigation Project in western Nepal. The project involves the installation of basic instruments that monitor real-time water flow, soil moisture, and weather conditions. These tools help irrigation managers to distribute water more efficiently. This approach is expected to reduce water-use conflicts, promote equity, and strengthen the role of Water User Associations in managing irrigation fairly and effectively.Item Lessons Learned from Implementing the CAADP Biennial Review Process Under the Malabo Declaration(Brief, 2025-07-01) Makombe, T.; Ulimwengu, John M.; Matchaya, Greenwell C.The Biennial Review (BR), launched under the 2014 Malabo Declaration, serves as the African Union's (AU) primary mutual accountability tool for tracking Member States' progress in implementing the Comprehensive Africa Agriculture Development Programme (CAADP). This brief, drawing lessons from four BR cycles, aims to inform the next phase of BRs in preparation for the domestication and implementation of the 2025 Kampala CAADP Declaration. While the BR has prompted policy and programmatic changes in several countries, its full impact is hindered by persistent challenges such as underfunding, weak monitoring and evaluation (M&E) capacities, and data quality issues. Despite these hurdles, innovations like the eBR and national data clusters have led to improvements in data quality and reporting rates. Still further improvements in data systems, capacities, and stakeholder engagement are urgently needed to strengthen the Biennial Review (BR) process. Key recommendations include adopting coherent data governance policies, promoting BR awareness and data utilization, refining the BR scorecard methodology, expanding data clusters to more countries, strengthening M&E capacities, ensuring inclusive BR validation, and integrating the BR database with M&E systems at both national and regional levels. Sustained political leadership, technical support, and domestic funding are critical to institutionalizing a robust, timely, high-quality, and impactful BR process that supports evidence-based decision-making and accelerates progress toward achieving the CAADP agrifood system transformation goals under the Kampala Declaration.Item Huit missions transformatrices pour une action scientifique en faveur de la sécurité future de l’eau(Brief, 2025-07-09) International Water Management InstituteL'initiative « Futurs Transformateurs pour la Sécurité de l'Eau » (TFWS) est un processus de dialogue Sud-Sud co-organisé par l'Institut international de gestion de l'eau (IWMI). La sécurité de l'eau est essentielle pour notre avenir collectif, mais de nombreuses régions du monde souffrent aujourd'hui d'une grave insécurité hydrique. Sans une action immédiate et audacieuse, l'insécurité hydrique est appelée à s'aggraver. Face à l'insécurité croissante de l'eau dans le monde, Futurs Transformateurs pour la Sécurité de l'Eau (TFWS) reconnaît l'urgence d'une action décisive. La sécurité de l'eau est essentielle pour notre avenir commun, mais de nombreuses régions sont confrontées à des défis importants. Des mesures immédiates et audacieuses sont impératives pour faire face à l'aggravation de l'insécurité de l'eau et l'atténuer. Le TFWS adopte une approche axée sur la mission, en formant des alliances qui conduisent à des actions collectives de grande ambition. Ces coalitions cherchent à aligner et à faire converger les connaissances, la recherche, les politiques, les entreprises et la mise en œuvre sur le terrain afin de garantir une sécurité de l'eau sûre, juste et durable à l'avenir. Le TFWS a réussi à rassembler des représentants de divers secteurs, notamment le secteur privé, les usagers de l'eau et les groupes de défense, les instituts de recherche, les entités politiques et les réseaux de jeunes. Cet effort de collaboration a eu pour but d'identifier les lacunes et les opportunités critiques en matière de recherche, de politique et d'action dans le domaine de l'eau.Item Advancing digital agriculture for climate resilience and economic transformation in Malawi(Brief, 2025-07-02) Matchaya, Greenwell C.; Ebrahim, Girma Yimer; Aheeyar, Mohamed M.M.; Ajayi, O. C.; Ajilore, O.Malawi, a landlocked country in Southeastern Africa, is vulnerable to the impacts of climate change. Agriculture is the backbone of its economy, supporting more than 80% of the population, contributing 30% to the national Gross Domestic Product (GDP), and generating 80% of export earnings. The World Bank projects that, under a business-as-usual scenario, climate change could reduce Malawi’s GDP by 3–9% by 2030, 6–20% by 2040 and 8–16% by 2050. These losses are primarily attributed to infrastructure damages, including roads and bridges, and decreased labor productivity due to heat stress. Additionally, climate shocks could push an estimated two million people into poverty by 2030 and increase to four million by 2040. However, this critical sector is largely dominated by smallholder farmers who rely on rainfed systems and face persistent structural, technological, and climate-related challenges. As climate variability intensifies—bringing more frequent droughts, floods, and erratic rainfall—the urgency to adapt and innovate to ensure the resilience of the country’s agrifood system becomes paramount. In this context, digital agriculture offers a transformative pathway to improve productivity, resilience, and inclusivity in the face of climate and economic uncertainty. This brief synthesizes findings from a study conducted by the International Water Management Institute (IWMI) and the Global Center on Adaptation (GCA). Drawing on literature reviews, field consultations, and surveys from districts including Lilongwe, Dowa, Zomba and Mchinji, the report evaluates the role of digital agriculture in climate adaptation, identifies barriers to adoption, and proposes strategic investments for inclusive agricultural transformation.Item Groundwater for aDvancing Resilience (G4DR) in Africa(Brief, 2025-07-01) International Water Management InstituteThe Groundwater for aDvancing Resilience (G4DR) in Africa project aims to support African countries in using groundwater more sustainably to improve water security and climate resilience. Funded by the Global Environment Facility (GEF) and implemented by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), the project is executed by the International Water Management Institute (IWMI) in partnership with key partners, namely, African Ministers’ Council on Water (AMCOW), International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), Southern African Development Community – Groundwater Management Institute (SADC-GMI), and the national water ministries in Benin, Malawi, Mozambique, Togo, and Uganda. The project has three pilot sites - Shire Aquifer (Malawi and Mozambique), Upper Nile Water Management Zone (Uganda), and Mono River Basin (Benin and Togo), which will be areas to showcase practical solutions on groundwater management, monitoring and governance; contributing to the broader outcomes of the project, which include the integration of groundwater into national and regional planning, strengthening basin-level data and governance, enhancing capacity and facilitating stronger inclusion of women and youth in decision-making.Item Solar Pumps as Micro-Enterprises for Women Leveraging Bihar’s Self-Help Groups for Equitable Irrigation Access(Brief, 2025-06-06) Verma, Shilp; Singh, M.; Kuriachen, Philip; Uppal, A.; Bhattacharjee, Suchiradipta; Usadadia, Nikunj; Anand, AbhishekThis brief presents an action research pilot in Lohsari village of north Bihar, India, implemented by the Aga Khan Rural Support Program, India (AKRSP-I), with support from the IWMI-Tata Water Policy Program and the Solar Energy for Rural Livelihoods (SE4RL) project. In India’s eastern Gangetic plains, solar pumps can offer clean energy for pumping water – to replace highly polluting and costly diesel-based irrigation. However, highly fragmented land holdings make investments in individual solar pumps unattractive and unviable. Since 2016, IWMI and AKRSP-I have been working in north Bihar to pilot solar irrigation entrepreneurs – who can deliver high quality and affordable solar irrigation as a service through a solar pump coupled with a network of buried pipes. Through the flagship rural livelihoods initiative, Jeevika, the government of Bihar has also promoted women Self-Help Groups (SHGs) across the state – to promote micro-saving and micro-lending. As these SHGs mature, they are also encouraging women members to take up micro-enterprises to enhance their incomes. Through this pilot, we are field testing a model that offers solar pumps as a micro-enterprise for SHG women. The innovative pilot aims to demonstrate how such enterprises can eliminate diesel use, boost women’s economic agency, and enhance irrigation coverage.Item Farmer Producer Organizations as Solar Entrepreneurs: The Case for Solar Pumps as Business Investments(Brief, 2025-06-06) Verma, Shilp; Murmu, S.; Kuriachen, Philip; Kumar, D.; Bhattacharjee, Suchiradipta; Usadadia, Nikunj; Mahto, Bhawani ShankharThis brief presents an action research pilot in Kuyani village of Jharkhand, India, implemented jointly by Collectives for Integrated Livelihood Initiatives (CInI) and a local Farmer Producer Organization (FPO), with support from the IWMI-Tata Water Policy Program and the Solar Energy for Rural Livelihoods (SE4RL) project. The objective is to reduce entry barriers and enable small and marginal farmers to benefit from solar-powered irrigation. This innovative business model tests the theory that deploying solar pumps and offering solar irrigation as a service to member farmers would make a good business investment for FPOs. By enabling member farmers to shift from expensive diesel-based irrigation, the model improves agricultural productivity – positively affecting the FPO’s core business activity – and enables improved access and livelihoods for small and marginal farmers. The pilot offers useful field evidence and insights for India’s growing number of FPOs to consider investing in solar irrigation systems.Item Benchmarking Solar Pump Performance: Off-Grid Solar Irrigation Pumps in Eastern and Central India(Brief, 2025-06-06) Verma, Shilp; Kuriachen, Philip; Bhattacharjee, Suchiradipta; Sharma, Laxmi; Basu, Subhodeep; Usadadia, NikunjThis brief describes a three-state field study initiated by the Solar Energy for Rural Livelihoods (SE4RL) project with the objective of understanding the drivers of performance for off-grid solar irrigation pumps. The study covered approximately 300 solar irrigation systems in Bahraich (Uttar Pradesh), Samastipur and Muzaffarpur (north Bihar), and East Singbhum (Jharkhand) to document usage patterns, irrigated area, revenue generation, equity of access, and operational efficiency. By analyzing these parameters, the study seeks to identify what drives high performance and where improvements are needed.Item Brief: intergenerational intersections and the economics of water(Brief, 2025-05-27) Adolfsson, Elin; Avila, J. D.Item Bridging the gap: gender-inclusive policies for a sustainable water future in Pakistan(Brief, 2025-05-15) Waqar, Kanwal; Hafeez, MohsinItem Fourth CAADP Biennial Review Brief: Mozambique. Africa Agriculture Transformation Scorecard Performance and Lessons(Brief, 2025-05-02) Popat, M.; Wilson, D.; Cunguara, B.; Matchaya, Greenwell C.The Malabo Declaration on accelerated agricultural growth and transformation for shared prosperity and improved livelihoods is a set of goals adopted by Heads of State and Government of the African Union in 2014 in Malabo, Equatorial Guinea (AUC 2014). To translate the seven Malabo commitments into results, a call for action was made by the Heads of State and Government for the African Union Commission (AUC) and the African Union Development Agency NEPAD (AUDA-NEPAD), in collaboration with partners, to initiate a review process to be conducted on a biennial basis starting 2017, with an objective of tracking, measuring, and reporting progress toward achieving the Malabo Declaration commitments by 2025. Four Biennial Reviews (BR) have been conducted—the inaugural BR in 2017, the second BR in 2019, the third BR in 2021, and the most recent BR concluded in 2023. As part of fulfilling Commitment 7 on mutual accountability, the fourth BR Report (BR4) and the Africa Agriculture Transformation Scorecard (AATS) were launched at the 37th Ordinary Session of the Assembly of the AU Heads of State and Government in March 2024 (AUC 2024). This brief assesses Mozambique’s progress in aligning agricultural policies, strategies, and programs with the Malabo Declaration commitments. The authors analyze gaps and strengths within the existing agricultural policy environment and institutional capacity vis-à-vis various evidence-based achievements. For Mozambique to meet the Malabo Declaration commitments, the analysis highlights that the country should increase public expenditure on agriculture, prioritize investments in public goods, and place less emphasis on market-distorted forms of support.Item Fourth CAADP Biennial Review Brief: Mauritius. Africa Agriculture Transformation Scorecard Performance and Lessons(Brief, 2025-05-02) Hagos, Fitsum; Matchaya, Greenwell C.; Chikhuri, K.; Dreepaul-Dabee, V.The Malabo Declaration on accelerated agricultural growth and transformation for shared prosperity and improved livelihoods is a set of goals adopted by Heads of State and Government of the African Union in 2014 in Malabo, Equatorial Guinea (AUC 2014). To translate the seven Malabo commitments into results, a call for action was made by the Heads of State and Government for the African Union Commission (AUC) and the African Union Development Agency NEPAD (AUDA-NEPAD), in collaboration with partners, to initiate a review process to be conducted on a biennial basis starting 2017, with an objective of tracking, measuring, and reporting progress toward achieving the Malabo Declaration commitments by 2025. Four Biennial Reviews (BR) have been conducted—the inaugural BR in 2017, the second BR in 2019, the third BR in 2021, and the most recent BR concluded in 2023. As part of fulfilling Commitment 7 on mutual accountability, the fourth BR Report (BR4) and the Africa Agriculture Transformation Scorecard (AATS) were launched at the 37th Ordinary Session of the Assembly of the AU Heads of State and Government in March 2024 (AUC 2024). Mauritius has consistently submitted reports for all BR cycles except for BR3. In this brief, the authors present the BR4 review findings for Mauritius, including its progress in achieving commitments at the country level and its performance relative to the SADC region. The brief concludes by highlighting the required policy actions for the country to meet the Malabo Declaration commitments by 2025. The authors recommend that Mauritius increase the share of its national budget to the agricultural sector from the current low levels of under 2 percent to the 10 percent target. This will strengthen the sector and boost its role in the economy.Item Fourth CAADP Biennial Review Brief: Angola. Africa Agriculture Transformation Scorecard Performance and Lessons(Brief, 2025-05-02) Kasoma-Pele, W.; Matchaya, Greenwell C.; Manuvanga, K.The Malabo Declaration on accelerated agricultural growth and transformation for shared prosperity and improved livelihoods is a set of goals adopted by Heads of State and Government of the African Union in 2014 in Malabo, Equatorial Guinea (AUC 2014). To translate the seven Malabo commitments into results, a call for action was made by the Heads of State and Government for the African Union Commission (AUC) and the African Union Development Agency NEPAD (AUDA-NEPAD), in collaboration with partners, to initiate a review process to be conducted on a biennial basis starting 2017, with an objective of tracking, measuring, and reporting progress toward achieving the Malabo Declaration commitments by 2025. Four Biennial Reviews (BR) have been conducted—the inaugural BR in 2017, the second BR in 2019, the third BR in 2021, and the most recent BR concluded in 2023. As part of fulfilling Commitment 7 on mutual accountability, the fourth BR Report (BR4) and the Africa Agriculture Transformation Scorecard (AATS) were launched at the 37th Ordinary Session of the Assembly of the AU Heads of State and Government in March 2024 (AUC 2024). This brief assesses Angola’s performance toward meeting the Malabo Declaration commitments across the four BR rounds. Furthermore, it highlights the challenges faced and lessons learned by Angola during BR4 in 2023. The brief also outlines policy and programmatic measures required for Angola to meet the Malabo Declaration commitment targets by 2025. A key recommendation from the analysis indicates that Improving Angola’s performance on all commitments calls for increased funding for data generation, management, analysis, utilization, and monitoring and evaluation in the agricultural sector.Item Fourth CAADP Fourth Biennial Review Brief: Botswana. Africa Agriculture Transformation Scorecard Performance and Lessons(Brief, 2025-01-01) Kasoma-Pele, W.; Matchaya, Greenwell C.; Keboneilwe, D.The Malabo Declaration on accelerated agricultural growth and transformation for shared prosperity and improved livelihoods is a set of goals adopted by Heads of State and Government of the African Union in 2014 in Malabo, Equatorial Guinea (AUC 2014). To translate the seven Malabo commitments into results, a call for action was made by the Heads of State and Government for the African Union Commission (AUC) and the African Union Development Agency NEPAD (AUDA-NEPAD), in collaboration with partners, to initiate a review process to be conducted on a biennial basis starting 2017, with an objective of tracking, measuring, and reporting progress toward achieving the Malabo Declaration commitments by 2025. Four Biennial Reviews (BR) have been conducted—the inaugural BR in 2017, the second BR in 2019, the third BR in 2021, and the most recent BR concluded in 2023. As part of fulfilling Commitment 7 on mutual accountability, the fourth BR Report (BR4) and the Africa Agriculture Transformation Scorecard (AATS) were launched at the 37th Ordinary Session of the Assembly of the AU Heads of State and Government in March 2024 (AUC 2024). This brief draws on the BR4 to summarize Botswana’s performance in pursuit of the seven Malabo Declaration commitments. In addition, the brief assesses the challenges faced and lessons learned by the country. The brief also reviews policy, programmatic, and investment changes in Botswana induced by the inaugural BR (BR1), the BR2, the BR3, and the most recent BR4. The final section of the brief highlights policy actions and programmatic measures Botswana should take in order to meet its Malabo Declaration commitments by 2025. A key recommendation from the analysis indicates that Botswana needs to pay more attention to putting in place evidence-based policies and strategies aligned with the CAADP process through a strong multi-sectoral and multi-stakeholder coordination body to guide its actions in this regard.Item Fourth CAADP Biennial Review Brief: Lesotho. Africa Agriculture Transformation Scorecard Performance and Lessons(Brief, 2025-01-01) Hagos, Fitsum; Matchaya, Greenwell C.; Moloinyane, S.The Malabo Declaration on accelerated agricultural growth and transformation for shared prosperity and improved livelihoods is a set of goals adopted by Heads of State and Government of the African Union in 2014 in Malabo, Equatorial Guinea (AUC 2014). To translate the seven Malabo commitments into results, a call for action was made by the Heads of State and Government for the African Union Commission (AUC) and the African Union Development Agency NEPAD (AUDA-NEPAD), in collaboration with partners, to initiate a review process to be conducted on a biennial basis starting 2017, with an objective of tracking, measuring, and reporting progress toward achieving the Malabo Declaration commitments by 2025. Four Biennial Reviews (BR) have been conducted—the inaugural BR in 2017, the second BR in 2019, the third BR in 2021, and the most recent BR concluded in 2023. As part of fulfilling Commitment 7 on mutual accountability, the fourth BR Report (BR4) and the Africa Agriculture Transformation Scorecard (AATS) were launched at the 37th Ordinary Session of the Assembly of the AU Heads of State and Government in March 2024 (AUC 2024). This brief focuses on Lesotho's performance in BR4. The authors assess Lesotho's progress at the country level before presenting a regional comparison between Lesotho and other countries in the SADC region. They conclude by highlighting the required policy actions for the country to meet the Malabo Declaration commitments by 2025. A key recommendation from the analysis indicates that Lesotho needs to strengthen data systems tracking CAADP Process Completion Index parameters, as well as general agricultural performance data, while enhancing government agricultural expenditure as a share of total public expenditure.Item Fourth CAADP Biennial Review Brief: Ethiopia. Africa Agriculture Transformation Scorecard Performance and Lessons(Brief, 2025-01-01) Hagos, Fitsum; Matchaya, Greenwell C.The Malabo Declaration on accelerated agricultural growth and transformation for shared prosperity and improved livelihoods is a set of goals adopted by Heads of State and Government of the African Union in 2014 in Malabo, Equatorial Guinea (AUC 2014). To translate the seven Malabo commitments into results, a call for action was made by the Heads of State and Government for the African Union Commission (AUC) and the African Union Development Agency NEPAD (AUDA-NEPAD), in collaboration with partners, to initiate a review process to be conducted on a biennial basis starting 2017, with an objective of tracking, measuring, and reporting progress toward achieving the Malabo Declaration commitments by 2025. Four Biennial Reviews (BR) have been conducted—the inaugural BR in 2017, the second BR in 2019, the third BR in 2021, and the most recent BR concluded in 2023. As part of fulfilling Commitment 7 on mutual accountability, the fourth BR Report (BR4) and the Africa Agriculture Transformation Scorecard (AATS) were launched at the 37th Ordinary Session of the Assembly of the AU Heads of State and Government in March 2024 (AUC 2024). This brief focuses on the performance of Ethiopia in BR4, assessing the challenges faced and lessons learned. The brief also conducts a regional comparison between Ethiopia and other countries in the Eastern Africa region. It concludes by highlighting the required policy actions for the country to meet the Malabo Declaration commitments by 2025. A key recommendation from the analysis indicates that Ethiopia needs to scale up efforts to increase yields for the country’s priority agricultural commodities while simultaneously reducing post-harvest losses.Item Fourth CAADP Biennial Review Brief: Eswatini. Africa Agriculture Transformation Scorecard Performance and Lessons(Brief, 2025-01-01) Hagos, Fitsum; Matchaya, Greenwell C.; Mamba-Hlophe, N. S.The Malabo Declaration on accelerated agricultural growth and transformation for shared prosperity and improved livelihoods is a set of goals adopted by Heads of State and Government of the African Union in 2014 in Malabo, Equatorial Guinea (AUC 2014). To translate the seven Malabo commitments into results, a call for action was made by the Heads of State and Government for the African Union Commission (AUC) and the African Union Development Agency NEPAD (AUDA-NEPAD), in collaboration with partners, to initiate a review process to be conducted on a biennial basis starting 2017, with an objective of tracking, measuring, and reporting progress toward achieving the Malabo Declaration commitments by 2025. Four Biennial Reviews (BR) have been conducted—the inaugural BR in 2017, the second BR in 2019, the third BR in 2021, and the most recent BR concluded in 2023. As part of fulfilling Commitment 7 on mutual accountability, the fourth BR Report (BR4) and the Africa Agriculture Transformation Scorecard (AATS) were launched at the 37th Ordinary Session of the Assembly of the AU Heads of State and Government in March 2024 (AUC 2024). This brief highlights Eswatini’s performance against the 46 indicators in the inaugural, second, and third BRs (2017, 2019, and 2021) and compares this to the fourth BR (2023) to track progress toward a fully transformed agricultural sector. A key recommendation from the analysis indicates that the country needs to strengthen its efforts toward meeting all the Malabo/CAADP commitments. Agricultural investments can be increased by expanding the share of the national budget allocated to the sector and creating a conducive environment for attracting domestic and foreign private investors, as well as public-private partnerships.Item Fourth CAADP Biennial Review Brief: Comoros. Africa Agriculture Transformation Scorecard: Performance and Lessons(Brief, 2025-01-01) Matchaya, Greenwell C.; Miradji, A. I.The Malabo Declaration on accelerated agricultural growth and transformation for shared prosperity and improved livelihoods is a set of goals adopted by Heads of State and Government of the African Union in 2014 in Malabo, Equatorial Guinea (AUC 2014). To translate the seven Malabo commitments into results, a call for action was made by the Heads of State and Government for the African Union Commission (AUC) and the African Union Development Agency NEPAD (AUDA-NEPAD), in collaboration with partners, to initiate a review process to be conducted on a biennial basis starting 2017, with an objective of tracking, measuring, and reporting progress toward achieving the Malabo Declaration commitments by 2025. Four Biennial Reviews (BR) have been conducted—the inaugural BR in 2017, the second BR in 2019, the third BR in 2021, and the most recent BR concluded in 2023. As part of fulfilling Commitment 7 on mutual accountability, the fourth BR Report (BR4) and the Africa Agriculture Transformation Scorecard (AATS) were launched at the 37th Ordinary Session of the Assembly of the AU Heads of State and Government in March 2024 (AUC 2024). This brief focuses on the performance of the Union of Comoros in BR4, assessing the challenges faced and lessons learned. The brief also reviews policy and programmatic changes in the Comoros following the third BR. It concludes by highlighting the required policy actions for the country to meet the Malabo Declaration commitments by 2025. A key recommendation from the analysis indicates that while Comoros has made notable progress in promoting sustainable land management practices, it is critical to implement policies that expand the size of irrigated areas. This will enhance the resilience of agricultural systems to climatic shocks and support increased productivity.Item Fourth CAADP Biennial Review Brief: Madagascar. Africa Agriculture Transformation Scorecard Performance and Lessons(Brief, 2025-01-01) Solonitompoarinony, J.; Matchaya, Greenwell C.; Randrianaivomanana, A. L.The Malabo Declaration on accelerated agricultural growth and transformation for shared prosperity and improved livelihoods is a set of goals adopted by Heads of State and Government of the African Union in 2014 in Malabo, Equatorial Guinea (AUC 2014). To translate the seven Malabo commitments into results, a call for action was made by the Heads of State and Government for the African Union Commission (AUC) and the African Union Development Agency NEPAD (AUDA-NEPAD), in collaboration with partners, to initiate a review process to be conducted on a biennial basis starting 2017, with an objective of tracking, measuring, and reporting progress toward achieving the Malabo Declaration commitments by 2025. Four Biennial Reviews (BR) have been conducted—the inaugural BR in 2017, the second BR in 2019, the third BR in 2021, and the most recent BR concluded in 2023. As part of fulfilling Commitment 7 on mutual accountability, the fourth BR Report (BR4) and the Africa Agriculture Transformation Scorecard (AATS) were launched at the 37th Ordinary Session of the Assembly of the AU Heads of State and Government in March 2024 (AUC 2024). This brief focuses on the performance of Madagascar in BR4, assessing the challenges faced and lessons learned. The brief also conducts a regional comparison between Madagascar and other countries in the SADC Africa region. It concludes by highlighting the required policy actions for the country to meet the Malabo Declaration commitments by 2025. A key recommendation from the analysis indicates that Madagascar needs to invest in its agricultural data collection, reporting, and management systems to address persistent data gaps and inconsistencies.Item Fourth CAADP Fourth Biennial Review Brief: Malawi. Africa Agriculture Transformation Scorecard: Performance and Lessons(Brief, 2025-01-01) Kanyamuka, J.; Mwanaleza, E.; Pangapanga, I.; Musopole, R.; Chinkhuntha, C.; Matchaya, Greenwell C.; Chiwewe, C.The Malabo Declaration on accelerated agricultural growth and transformation for shared prosperity and improved livelihoods is a set of goals adopted by Heads of State and Government of the African Union in 2014 in Malabo, Equatorial Guinea (AUC 2014). To translate the seven Malabo commitments into results, a call for action was made by the Heads of State and Government for the African Union Commission (AUC) and the African Union Development Agency NEPAD (AUDA-NEPAD), in collaboration with partners, to initiate a review process to be conducted on a biennial basis starting 2017, with an objective of tracking, measuring, and reporting progress toward achieving the Malabo Declaration commitments by 2025. Four Biennial Reviews (BR) have been conducted—the inaugural BR in 2017, the second BR in 2019, the third BR in 2021, and the most recent BR concluded in 2023. As part of fulfilling Commitment 7 on mutual accountability, the fourth BR Report (BR4) and the Africa Agriculture Transformation Scorecard (AATS) were launched at the 37th Ordinary Session of the Assembly of the AU Heads of State and Government in March 2024 (AUC 2024). This brief focuses on Malawi’s performance in BR4. The authors compare the results against those of earlier BRs, discuss challenges and lessons learned from BR4, review any policy, programmatic, and investment changes resulting from the BRs, and highlight the policy and programmatic measures needed for Malawi to meet the Malabo Commitments by 2025. This report presents a snapshot of Malawi’s performance in the four BRs. A key recommendation from the analysis indicates that Malawi needs to pay special attention to all Malabo commitments in order to be on track for the next BR. The country needs to commit itself to the continued domestication of CAADP processes and developing beneficial partnerships and alliances with all stakeholders.